I have the following configuration file config.yaml:
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: : 2017-2023 The PyPSA-Eur Authors
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#top-level-configuration
version: 0.9.0
tutorial: false
logging:
level: INFO
format: '%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s'
private:
keys:
entsoe_api:
remote:
ssh: ""
path: ""
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#run
run:
name: ""
disable_progressbar: false
shared_resources: false
shared_cutouts: true
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#foresight
foresight: overnight
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#scenario
# Wildcard docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/wildcards.html
scenario:
simpl:
- ''
ll:
- v1.5
clusters:
- 37
- 128
- 256
- 512
- 1024
opts:
- ''
sector_opts:
- Co2L0-3H-T-H-B-I-A-dist1
planning_horizons:
# - 2020
# - 2030
# - 2040
- 2050
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#countries
countries: ['IT']
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#snapshots
snapshots:
start: "2013-01-01"
end: "2014-01-01"
inclusive: 'left'
resolution: false
segmentation: false
#representative: false
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#enable
enable:
retrieve: auto
prepare_links_p_nom: false
retrieve_databundle: true
retrieve_sector_databundle: true
retrieve_cost_data: true
build_cutout: false
retrieve_irena: false
retrieve_cutout: true
build_natura_raster: false
retrieve_natura_raster: true
custom_busmap: false
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#co2-budget
co2_budget:
2020: 0.701
2025: 0.524
2030: 0.297
2035: 0.150
2040: 0.071
2045: 0.032
2050: 0.000
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#electricity
electricity:
voltages: [220., 300., 380., 500., 750.]
gaslimit_enable: false
gaslimit: false
co2limit_enable: false
co2limit: 7.75e+7
co2base: 1.487e+9
agg_p_nom_limits: data/agg_p_nom_minmax.csv
operational_reserve:
activate: false
epsilon_load: 0.02
epsilon_vres: 0.02
contingency: 4000
max_hours:
battery: 6
H2: 168
extendable_carriers:
Generator: [solar, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc, OCGT]
StorageUnit: [] # battery, H2
Store: [battery, H2]
Link: [] # H2 pipeline
powerplants_filter: (DateOut >= 2022 or DateOut != DateOut)
custom_powerplants: false
everywhere_powerplants: [nuclear, oil, OCGT, CCGT, coal, lignite, geothermal, biomass]
conventional_carriers: [nuclear, oil, OCGT, CCGT, coal, lignite, geothermal, biomass]
renewable_carriers: [solar, onwind, offwind-ac, offwind-dc, hydro]
estimate_renewable_capacities:
enable: true
from_opsd: true
year: 2020
expansion_limit: false
technology_mapping:
Offshore: [offwind-ac, offwind-dc]
Onshore: [onwind]
PV: [solar]
autarky:
enable: false
by_country: false
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#atlite
atlite:
default_cutout: europe-2013-era5
nprocesses: 4
show_progress: false
cutouts:
# use 'base' to determine geographical bounds and time span from config
# base:
# module: era5
europe-2013-era5:
module: era5 # in priority order
x: [-12., 42.]
y: [33., 72]
dx: 0.3
dy: 0.3
time: ['2013', '2013']
europe-2013-sarah:
module: [sarah, era5] # in priority order
x: [-12., 42.]
y: [33., 65]
dx: 0.2
dy: 0.2
time: ['2013', '2013']
sarah_interpolate: false
sarah_dir:
features: [influx, temperature]
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#renewable
renewable:
onwind:
cutout: europe-2013-era5
resource:
method: wind
turbine: Vestas_V112_3MW
add_cutout_windspeed: true
capacity_per_sqkm: 3
# correction_factor: 0.93
corine:
grid_codes: [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32]
distance: 1000
distance_grid_codes: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
luisa: false
# grid_codes: [1111, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1130, 1210, 1221, 1222, 1230, 1241, 1242]
# distance: 1000
# distance_grid_codes: [1111, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1130, 1210, 1221, 1222, 1230, 1241, 1242]
natura: true
excluder_resolution: 100
clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
offwind-ac:
cutout: europe-2013-era5
resource:
method: wind
turbine: NREL_ReferenceTurbine_2020ATB_5.5MW
add_cutout_windspeed: true
capacity_per_sqkm: 2
correction_factor: 0.8855
corine: [44, 255]
luisa: false # [0, 5230]
natura: true
ship_threshold: 400
max_depth: 50
max_shore_distance: 30000
excluder_resolution: 200
clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
offwind-dc:
cutout: europe-2013-era5
resource:
method: wind
turbine: NREL_ReferenceTurbine_2020ATB_5.5MW
add_cutout_windspeed: true
capacity_per_sqkm: 2
correction_factor: 0.8855
corine: [44, 255]
luisa: false # [0, 5230]
natura: true
ship_threshold: 400
max_depth: 50
min_shore_distance: 30000
excluder_resolution: 200
clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
solar:
cutout: europe-2013-sarah
resource:
method: pv
panel: CSi
orientation:
slope: 35.
azimuth: 180.
capacity_per_sqkm: 5.1
# correction_factor: 0.854337
corine: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 31, 32]
luisa: false # [1111, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1130, 1210, 1221, 1222, 1230, 1241, 1242, 1310, 1320, 1330, 1410, 1421, 1422, 2110, 2120, 2130, 2210, 2220, 2230, 2310, 2410, 2420, 3210, 3320, 3330]
natura: true
excluder_resolution: 100
clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
hydro:
cutout: europe-2013-era5
carriers: [ror, PHS, hydro]
PHS_max_hours: 6
hydro_max_hours: "energy_capacity_totals_by_country" # one of energy_capacity_totals_by_country, estimate_by_large_installations or a float
flatten_dispatch: false
flatten_dispatch_buffer: 0.2
clip_min_inflow: 1.0
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#conventional
conventional:
unit_commitment: false
dynamic_fuel_price: false
nuclear:
p_max_pu: "data/nuclear_p_max_pu.csv" # float of file name
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#lines
lines:
types:
220.: "Al/St 240/40 2-bundle 220.0"
300.: "Al/St 240/40 3-bundle 300.0"
380.: "Al/St 240/40 4-bundle 380.0"
500.: "Al/St 240/40 4-bundle 380.0"
750.: "Al/St 560/50 4-bundle 750.0"
s_max_pu: 0.7
s_nom_max: .inf
max_extension: 20000 #MW
length_factor: 1.25
reconnect_crimea: true
under_construction: 'zero' # 'zero': set capacity to zero, 'remove': remove, 'keep': with full capacity
dynamic_line_rating:
activate: false
cutout: europe-2013-era5
correction_factor: 0.95
max_voltage_difference: false
max_line_rating: false
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#links
links:
p_max_pu: 1.0
p_nom_max: .inf
max_extension: 30000 #MW
include_tyndp: true
under_construction: 'zero' # 'zero': set capacity to zero, 'remove': remove, 'keep': with full capacity
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#transformers
transformers:
x: 0.1
s_nom: 2000.
type: ''
# docs-load in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#load
load:
power_statistics: true
interpolate_limit: 3
time_shift_for_large_gaps: 1w
manual_adjustments: true # false
scaling_factor: 1.0
# docs
# TODO: PyPSA-Eur merge issue in prepare_sector_network.py
# regulate what components with which carriers are kept from PyPSA-Eur;
# some technologies are removed because they are implemented differently
# (e.g. battery or H2 storage) or have different year-dependent costs
# in PyPSA-Eur-Sec
pypsa_eur:
Bus:
- AC
Link:
- DC
Generator:
- onwind
- offwind-ac
- offwind-dc
- solar
- ror
- nuclear
StorageUnit:
- PHS
- hydro
Store: []
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#energy
energy:
energy_totals_year: 2011
base_emissions_year: 1990
eurostat_report_year: 2016
emissions: CO2
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#biomass
biomass:
year: 2030
scenario: ENS_Med
classes:
solid biomass:
- Agricultural waste
- Fuelwood residues
- Secondary Forestry residues - woodchips
- Sawdust
- Residues from landscape care
- Municipal waste
not included:
- Sugar from sugar beet
- Rape seed
- "Sunflower, soya seed "
- Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye
- Miscanthus, switchgrass, RCG
- Willow
- Poplar
- FuelwoodRW
- C&P_RW
biogas:
- Manure solid, liquid
- Sludge
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#solar-thermal
solar_thermal:
clearsky_model: simple # should be "simple" or "enhanced"?
orientation:
slope: 45.
azimuth: 180.
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#existing-capacities
existing_capacities:
grouping_years_power: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030]
grouping_years_heat: [1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2019] # these should not extend 2020
threshold_capacity: 10
conventional_carriers:
- lignite
- coal
- oil
- uranium
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#sector
sector:
district_heating:
potential: 0.6
progress:
2020: 0.0
2025: 0.15
2030: 0.3
2035: 0.45
2040: 0.6
2045: 0.8
2050: 1.0
district_heating_loss: 0.15
cluster_heat_buses: true
bev_dsm_restriction_value: 0.75
bev_dsm_restriction_time: 7
transport_heating_deadband_upper: 20.
transport_heating_deadband_lower: 15.
ICE_lower_degree_factor: 0.375
ICE_upper_degree_factor: 1.6
EV_lower_degree_factor: 0.98
EV_upper_degree_factor: 0.63
bev_dsm: true
bev_availability: 0.5
bev_energy: 0.05
bev_charge_efficiency: 0.9
bev_plug_to_wheel_efficiency: 0.2
bev_charge_rate: 0.011
bev_avail_max: 0.95
bev_avail_mean: 0.8
v2g: true
land_transport_fuel_cell_share:
2020: 0
2025: 0
2030: 0
2035: 0
2040: 0
2045: 0
2050: 0
land_transport_electric_share:
2020: 0
2025: 0.15
2030: 0.3
2035: 0.45
2040: 0.7
2045: 0.85
2050: 1
land_transport_ice_share:
2020: 1
2025: 0.85
2030: 0.7
2035: 0.55
2040: 0.3
2045: 0.15
2050: 0
transport_fuel_cell_efficiency: 0.5
transport_internal_combustion_efficiency: 0.3
agriculture_machinery_electric_share: 0
agriculture_machinery_oil_share: 1
agriculture_machinery_fuel_efficiency: 0.7
agriculture_machinery_electric_efficiency: 0.3
MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_H2: 0.8787
MWh_MeOH_per_tCO2: 4.0321
MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_e: 3.6907
shipping_hydrogen_liquefaction: false
shipping_hydrogen_share:
2020: 0
2025: 0
2030: 0
2035: 0
2040: 0
2045: 0
2050: 0
shipping_methanol_share:
2020: 0
2025: 0.15
2030: 0.3
2035: 0.5
2040: 0.7
2045: 0.85
2050: 1
shipping_oil_share:
2020: 1
2025: 0.85
2030: 0.7
2035: 0.5
2040: 0.3
2045: 0.15
2050: 0
shipping_methanol_efficiency: 0.46
shipping_oil_efficiency: 0.40
aviation_demand_factor: 1.
HVC_demand_factor: 1.
time_dep_hp_cop: true
heat_pump_sink_T: 55.
reduce_space_heat_exogenously: true
reduce_space_heat_exogenously_factor:
2020: 0.10 # this results in a space heat demand reduction of 10%
2025: 0.09 # first heat demand increases compared to 2020 because of larger floor area per capita
2030: 0.09
2035: 0.11
2040: 0.16
2045: 0.21
2050: 0.29
retrofitting:
retro_endogen: false
cost_factor: 1.0
interest_rate: 0.04
annualise_cost: true
tax_weighting: false
construction_index: true
tes: true
tes_tau:
decentral: 3
central: 180
boilers: true
resistive_heaters: true
oil_boilers: false
biomass_boiler: true
chp: true
micro_chp: false
solar_thermal: true
solar_cf_correction: 0.788457 # = >>> 1/1.2683
marginal_cost_storage: 0. #1e-4
methanation: true
coal_cc: false
dac: true
co2_vent: false
central_heat_vent: false
allam_cycle: false
hydrogen_fuel_cell: true
hydrogen_turbine: false
SMR: true
SMR_cc: true
regional_methanol_demand: false
regional_oil_demand: false
regional_co2_sequestration_potential:
enable: false
attribute: 'conservative estimate Mt'
include_onshore: false
min_size: 3
max_size: 25
years_of_storage: 25
co2_sequestration_potential: 200
co2_sequestration_cost: 10
co2_sequestration_lifetime: 50
co2_spatial: false
co2network: false
co2_network_cost_factor: 1
cc_fraction: 0.9
hydrogen_underground_storage: true
hydrogen_underground_storage_locations:
# - onshore # more than 50 km from sea
- nearshore # within 50 km of sea
# - offshore
ammonia: false
min_part_load_fischer_tropsch: 0.7
min_part_load_methanolisation: 0.3
min_part_load_methanation: 0.3
use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat: true
use_haber_bosch_waste_heat: true
use_methanolisation_waste_heat: true
use_methanation_waste_heat: true
use_fuel_cell_waste_heat: true
use_electrolysis_waste_heat: true
electricity_distribution_grid: true
electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0
electricity_grid_connection: true
transmission_efficiency:
DC:
efficiency_static: 0.98
efficiency_per_1000km: 0.977
H2 pipeline:
efficiency_per_1000km: 1 # 0.979
compression_per_1000km: 0.019
gas pipeline:
efficiency_per_1000km: 1 #0.977
compression_per_1000km: 0.01
H2_network: true
gas_network: false
H2_retrofit: false
H2_retrofit_capacity_per_CH4: 0.6
gas_network_connectivity_upgrade: 1
gas_distribution_grid: true
gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0
biomass_spatial: false
biomass_transport: false
biogas_upgrading_cc: false
conventional_generation:
OCGT: gas
biomass_to_liquid: false
biosng: false
limit_max_growth:
enable: false
# allowing 30% larger than max historic growth
factor: 1.3
max_growth: # unit GW
onwind: 16 # onshore max grow so far 16 GW in Europe https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2020/wind
solar: 28 # solar max grow so far 28 GW in Europe https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2020/solar-pv
offwind-ac: 35 # offshore max grow so far 3.5 GW in Europe https://windeurope.org/about-wind/statistics/offshore/european-offshore-wind-industry-key-trends-statistics-2019/
offwind-dc: 35
max_relative_growth:
onwind: 3
solar: 3
offwind-ac: 3
offwind-dc: 3
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#industry
industry:
St_primary_fraction:
2020: 0.6
2025: 0.55
2030: 0.5
2035: 0.45
2040: 0.4
2045: 0.35
2050: 0.3
DRI_fraction:
2020: 0
2025: 0
2030: 0.05
2035: 0.2
2040: 0.4
2045: 0.7
2050: 1
H2_DRI: 1.7
elec_DRI: 0.322
Al_primary_fraction:
2020: 0.4
2025: 0.375
2030: 0.35
2035: 0.325
2040: 0.3
2045: 0.25
2050: 0.2
MWh_NH3_per_tNH3: 5.166
MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR: 10.8
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR: 0.7
MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 5.93
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 0.2473
MWh_NH3_per_MWh_H2_cracker: 1.46 # https://github.com/euronion/trace/blob/44a5ff8401762edbef80eff9cfe5a47c8d3c8be4/data/efficiencies.csv
NH3_process_emissions: 24.5
petrochemical_process_emissions: 25.5
HVC_primary_fraction: 1.
HVC_mechanical_recycling_fraction: 0.
HVC_chemical_recycling_fraction: 0.
HVC_production_today: 52.
MWh_elec_per_tHVC_mechanical_recycling: 0.547
MWh_elec_per_tHVC_chemical_recycling: 6.9
chlorine_production_today: 9.58
MWh_elec_per_tCl: 3.6
MWh_H2_per_tCl: -0.9372
methanol_production_today: 1.5
MWh_elec_per_tMeOH: 0.167
MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH: 10.25
hotmaps_locate_missing: false
reference_year: 2015
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#costs
costs:
year: 2030
version: v0.6.2
rooftop_share: 0.14 # based on the potentials, assuming (0.1 kW/m2 and 10 m2/person)
social_discountrate: 0.02
fill_values:
FOM: 0
VOM: 0
efficiency: 1
fuel: 0
investment: 0
lifetime: 25
"CO2 intensity": 0
"discount rate": 0.07
# Marginal and capital costs can be overwritten
# capital_cost:
# onwind: 500
marginal_cost:
solar: 0.01
onwind: 0.015
offwind: 0.015
hydro: 0.
H2: 0.
electrolysis: 0.
fuel cell: 0.
battery: 0.
battery inverter: 0.
emission_prices:
enable: false
co2: 0.
co2_monthly_prices: false
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#clustering
clustering:
focus_weights: false
simplify_network:
to_substations: false
algorithm: kmeans # choose from: [hac, kmeans]
feature: solar+onwind-time
exclude_carriers: []
remove_stubs: true
remove_stubs_across_borders: true
cluster_network:
algorithm: kmeans
feature: solar+onwind-time
exclude_carriers: []
consider_efficiency_classes: false
aggregation_strategies:
generators:
committable: any
ramp_limit_up: max
ramp_limit_down: max
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#solving
solving:
#tmpdir: "path/to/tmp"
options:
clip_p_max_pu: 1.e-2
load_shedding: false
noisy_costs: true
skip_iterations: true
rolling_horizon: false
seed: 123
custom_extra_functionality: "../data/custom_extra_functionality.py"
# options that go into the optimize function
track_iterations: false
min_iterations: 4
max_iterations: 6
transmission_losses: 2
linearized_unit_commitment: true
horizon: 365
constraints:
CCL: false
EQ: false
BAU: false
SAFE: false
solver:
name: gurobi
options: gurobi-default
solver_options:
highs-default:
# refer to https://ergo-code.github.io/HiGHS/options/definitions.html#solver
threads: 4
solver: "ipm"
run_crossover: "off"
small_matrix_value: 1e-6
large_matrix_value: 1e9
primal_feasibility_tolerance: 1e-5
dual_feasibility_tolerance: 1e-5
ipm_optimality_tolerance: 1e-4
parallel: "on"
random_seed: 123
gurobi-default:
threads: 4
method: 2 # barrier
crossover: 0
BarConvTol: 1.e-6
Seed: 123
AggFill: 0
PreDual: 0
GURO_PAR_BARDENSETHRESH: 200
gurobi-numeric-focus:
name: gurobi
NumericFocus: 3 # Favour numeric stability over speed
method: 2 # barrier
crossover: 0 # do not use crossover
BarHomogeneous: 1 # Use homogeneous barrier if standard does not converge
BarConvTol: 1.e-5
FeasibilityTol: 1.e-4
OptimalityTol: 1.e-4
ObjScale: -0.5
threads: 8
Seed: 123
gurobi-fallback: # Use gurobi defaults
name: gurobi
crossover: 0
method: 2 # barrier
BarHomogeneous: 1 # Use homogeneous barrier if standard does not converge
BarConvTol: 1.e-5
FeasibilityTol: 1.e-5
OptimalityTol: 1.e-5
Seed: 123
threads: 8
cplex-default:
threads: 4
lpmethod: 4 # barrier
solutiontype: 2 # non basic solution, ie no crossover
barrier.convergetol: 1.e-5
feasopt.tolerance: 1.e-6
copt-default:
Threads: 8
LpMethod: 2
Crossover: 0
cbc-default: {} # Used in CI
glpk-default: {} # Used in CI
mem: 30000 #memory in MB; 20 GB enough for 50+B+I+H2; 100 GB for 181+B+I+H2
walltime: "12:00:00"
# docs in https://pypsa-eur.readthedocs.io/en/latest/configuration.html#plotting
plotting:
map:
boundaries: [-11, 30, 34, 71]
color_geomap:
ocean: white
land: white
eu_node_location:
x: -5.5
y: 46.
costs_max: 1000
costs_threshold: 1
energy_max: 20000
energy_min: -20000
energy_threshold: 50.
nice_names:
OCGT: "Open-Cycle Gas"
CCGT: "Combined-Cycle Gas"
offwind-ac: "Offshore Wind (AC)"
offwind-dc: "Offshore Wind (DC)"
onwind: "Onshore Wind"
solar: "Solar"
PHS: "Pumped Hydro Storage"
hydro: "Reservoir & Dam"
battery: "Battery Storage"
H2: "Hydrogen Storage"
lines: "Transmission Lines"
ror: "Run of River"
load: "Load Shedding"
ac: "AC"
dc: "DC"
I need to come up with a base.nc network with only one country, such as 'IT'. However, when I execute 'python3 base_network.py' I am getting the following error:
ERROR:root:Uncaught exception
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/root/pypsa-eur/scripts/base_network.py", line 766, in <module>
n = base_network(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/root/pypsa-eur/scripts/base_network.py", line 748, in base_network
_set_countries_and_substations(n, config, country_shapes, offshore_shapes)
File "/root/pypsa-eur/scripts/base_network.py", line 589, in _set_countries_and_substations
assert (
AssertionError: No buses with defined country within 200km of bus `8838`
Any idea of what is going wrong here? I am not getting the same error when I put every country in the list countries of config.yaml file.