CriteriaQuery Joining entities in Hibernate single table inheritance

Question

I am facing an issue while trying to perform a join involving entities in a Hibernate Single Table Inheritance scenario. I have two entities: VehicleEntity (base class) and CarriageEntity (subclass with discriminator value "CARRIAGE").

// VehicleEntity
@Entity
@Table(name = "vehicle")
@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE)
@DiscriminatorColumn(name = "vehicle_type_id", discriminatorType = DiscriminatorType.STRING)
public class VehicleEntity {
    // ... (fields and annotations)
}

// CarriageEntity
@Entity
@Data
@DiscriminatorValue("CARRIAGE")
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
public class CarriageEntity extends VehicleEntity {
    @OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private PassengerDataEntity passengerData;
}

I am attempting to join VehicleEntity with CarriageEntity using the passengerData field, which exists only in CarriageEntity. However, my current approach is resulting in the error:

Unable to locate Attribute with the given name [passengerData] on this ManagedType [es.adif.sit.reg.rollingstock.access.model.VehicleEntity]

Here's a simplified version of the code where the error is occurring:

CriteriaQuery<Tuple> cQ = cb.createTupleQuery();
Root<VehicleEntity> vehicle = cQ.from(VehicleEntity.class);
Join<VehicleEntity, CarriageEntity> carriage = vehicle.join("passengerData");

I've tried various approaches, including using treat and JoinType.LEFT, but I haven't been successful. How can I properly join VehicleEntity and CarriageEntity when the join involves a field that exists only in the subclass?

Any insights or examples on how to perform this type of join correctly would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!