Different color for each segment of a pie chart using turtle in Python

Question

import turtle

from turtle import *
##lets draw a pie chart first
##segment_labels = ["a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","q","r","s","t","u","v","w","x","y","z"]

segment_labels= ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z']
prob_of_letter= [10.52,1.94,6.91,6.83,22.65,9.42,4.10,4.68,11.92,.56,1.20,10.80,3.29,11.33,12.95,5.83,.01,11.14,14.11,14.69,4.05,1.93,2.96,2.78,3.02,.16] ##we  can get these number from the frequency coding part. 
colors=['yellow','green','red','black','yellow','blue','red','white','yellow',
    'green','red','black','yellow','blue','red','white','yellow','green','red','bla    ck','yellow','blue','red','white','red','mediumpurple']
radius = 100 ## circumference of a circle = 2pie*r
penup()
forward(radius)
left(90)
pendown()
color('gray')
begin_fill()
circle(radius)
end_fill()
home()
right(90)
color('darkblue')

def letter(prob_of_letter):
    perc=0
    radius =100
    for percent in prob_of_letter:
        letter = percent * 360
        perc += letter
        setheading(perc)
        pendown()
        forward(radius)
        penup()
        home()
letter(prob_of_letter)

How can I draw a pie chart for the most frequent occurring of alphabets from a .txt file?

Answer 1

Before we talk about code, let's discuss data. I understand separating out color assignments as they're arbitray, but the letters and frequencies are intimately tied together so their data structure should reflect that -- instead of separate lists, I've made them a single list of tuples:

letter_frequencies = [('a', 10.52), ('b', 1.94), ('c', 6.91), ('d', 6.83), ...]

Your frequencies don't add up to 100, or anything close, so they aren't percentages as your variable names imply. To work around this, we total them and treat them as fractions of that total. Confirming my belief about comments in general, your solitary code comment is of no value to the implementation of this problem:

radius = 100 ## circumference of a circle = 2pie*r

Below, I break the problem into two steps: first, draw the color slices in proportion to the frequencies; second, write letter labels around the outside of the chart. Some letter frequencies are so small that they only show up as a line on the pie chart so we can't label inside the chart. Increasing the radius of the pie chart helps a little.

The key to drawing pie slices is to use the extent argument to the turtle circle() function to draw an arc of appropriate size. We then tie that arc into the center of the circle to make a slice.

''' Let's draw a pie chart '''

from turtle import Turtle, Screen
from itertools import cycle

letter_frequencies = [ \
    ('a', 10.52), ('b', 1.94), ('c', 6.91), ('d', 6.83), ('e', 22.65), \
    ('f', 9.42), ('g', 4.1), ('h', 4.68), ('i', 11.92), ('j', 0.56), \
    ('k', 1.2), ('l', 10.8), ('m', 3.29), ('n', 11.33), ('o', 12.95), \
    ('p', 5.83), ('q', 0.01), ('r', 11.14), ('s', 14.11), ('t', 14.69), \
    ('u', 4.05), ('v', 1.93), ('w', 2.96), ('x', 2.78), ('y', 3.02), ('z', 0.16)]

COLORS = cycle(['yellow', 'green', 'red', 'cyan', 'white', 'blue', 'mediumpurple'])

RADIUS = 175
LABEL_RADIUS = RADIUS * 1.33
FONTSIZE = 18
FONT = ("Ariel", FONTSIZE, "bold")

# The pie slices

total = sum(fraction for _, fraction in letter_frequencies)  # data doesn't sum to 100 so adjust

baker = Turtle()  # because we're baking a pie
baker.penup()
baker.sety(-RADIUS)
baker.pendown()

for _, fraction in letter_frequencies:
    baker.fillcolor(next(COLORS))
    baker.begin_fill()
    baker.circle(RADIUS, fraction * 360 / total)
    position = baker.position()
    baker.goto(0, 0)
    baker.end_fill()
    baker.setposition(position)

# The labels

baker.penup()
baker.sety(-LABEL_RADIUS)

for label, fraction in letter_frequencies:
    baker.circle(LABEL_RADIUS, fraction * 360 / total / 2)
    baker.write(label, align="center", font=FONT)
    baker.circle(LABEL_RADIUS, fraction * 360 / total / 2)

baker.hideturtle()

screen = Screen()
screen.exitonclick()

This produces a crude pie chart that you'll want to fine tune to your specific needs: