For loop and Storing variables

Question

I have a long list of if statements that are checking if an object (self) contains a series of optional attributes.

As an example:

if(hasattr(self, variableList)):
    var1 = self.var1

if(hasattr(self, "var2")):
    var2 = self.var2  

if(hasattr(self, "var3")):
    var3 = self.var3

if(hasAttr(self, "var4")):
    var4 = self.var4

I was trying to figure out if there was a simple way of using a for loop that would use variable names from a list to check the object, and if they exist to store them locally in the method, which I think would require a dictionary in some way. Is it bad practice to try the above? Would it be more appropiate to have the more explicit list or to reduce the code with something like

for x in variableList:
    if(hasattr(self,variableList[x]))
        localvariable = variableList[x]

Answer 1

This should work for you:

var_list = ['var1', 'var2', 'var3'] # create list of variable string names

for var in var_list: # iterate over list of variable names

    try:
        # use exec to execute assignments, assuming attribute exists
        exec('{0} = {1}'.format(var, getattr(self, var))) 

    except AttributeError: # catch the Exception if the attribute does not exist

        exec('{0} = None'.format(var)) # set var to some default value, whatever
                                       # is convenient for later code to check
                                       # for and handle

As others suggested in the comments, you seem to be using an odd construct. After you get your code working, I would suggest taking it over to CodeReview and ask about better methods to achieve what you're trying to do. Without seeing the rest of your code it's hard to tell, but I suspect there's a better way to accomplish your overall goal.

Answer 2

Every object has a __dict__ property that stores the instance members in a dictionary. Very useful for highly dynamic/introspective things. For instance:

class c():
    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 1
    def test(self):
        print self.__dict__


>>> o = c()
>>> o.test()

prints

{'a': 1}

EDIT: getattr is probably a better suggestion than __dict__

Another useful tidbit is that locals() is the dictionary of local variables that you can read and write to.

For instance:

>>> locals()["TEST"] = 1
>>> TEST

prints

1

From these two facts, you should be able to do whatever you're trying to do. Whether or not it's a good idea is a completely different story. :) (I'm guessing it probably isn't. See @mgilson 's comment).