What is the difference between ADVANCED MICROCONTROLER BUS ARCHITECTURE-ACE and ADVANCED MICROCONTROLER BUS ARCHITECTURE-AXI protocol?
How is AMBA ACE different from the AXI protocol?
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The difference is stated in the ARM document,
See MOESI protocol at Wikipedia (five state cahce protocol). It seems pretty clear,
The AXI is a bus protocol which provides a means to transfer burst data from masters to slaves over a wide data path. The ACE protocol extends the signalling to allow a MOESI type protocol to be used for cache coherency.
So, if you were to develop IP for a GPU (Vivante) and wanted to support cache coherency with a CPU, you would need the signals provide by ACE. Otherwise, I think it is mainly between the CPU complex (4/8 etc cores) on the chip. Also there is a trend to asymmetric multiple CPUs, so a legacy chip could talks to an ARM CPU. Or you could have an ARM-to-RISCV translation. It might also be useful to a machine learning type acceleration engine.
Most DMA masters do not perform work WITH a CPU. So even a crypto engine probably would not need the ACE protocol signals. Also, you could have a simple AXI connections between the devices in the paragraph above and it could work, but would be less performant.
Summarizing all that,
The AXI protocols are 'master' to 'slave' (provider/consumer, etc) where as the ACE is a master to master interface. So AXI is useful for an Ethernet, Video, memory controller, but ACE will be used to co-ordinate computations between masters that process data in complex ways. The ACE is a protocol to say that another consumer is working on that portion/section of the provider data and you should block or do something else.