How to allow all Network connection types HTTP and HTTPS in Android (9) Pie?

Question

From Android 9 Pie now, requests without encryption will never work. And by default, the System will expect you to use TLS by default.You can read this feature here So if you only make requests via HTTPS you are safe. But what about apps that make requests through different sites, for instance, browser-like apps.

How can I enable requests to all types of connections HTTP and HTTPS in Android 9 Pie?

Answer 1

The easy way to implement this is to use this attribute to your AndroidManifest.xml where you allow all http for all requests:

<application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
</application>

But in case you want some more configurations for different links for instance, allowing http for some domains but not other domains you must provide res/xml/networkSecurityConfig.xml file.

To do this in Android 9 Pie you will have to set a networkSecurityConfig in your Manifest application tag like this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest ... >
    <application android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config">




    </application>
</manifest>

Then in your xml folder you now have to create a file named network_security_config just like the way you have named it in the Manifest and from there the content of your file should be like this to enable all requests without encryptions:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <trust-anchors>
            <certificates src="system" />
        </trust-anchors>
    </base-config>
</network-security-config>

From there you are good to go. Now your app will make requests for all types of connections. For additional information on this topic read here.

Answer 2

For Android 14, I solved the issue only with dart

The idea is to override the HTTP Security Context for the entire application.

Step 1: implement CustomHttpOverrides class which extend the default dart HttpOverrides class

import 'dart:io';

// extend `HttpOverrides` class
class CustomHttpOverrides extends HttpOverrides{
  @override
  HttpClient createHttpClient(SecurityContext? securityContext){
    return super
        .createHttpClient(securityContext)
        ..badCertificateCallback =
                        (X509Certificate certificate, String hostName, int hostPort)=> true;
  }
}

Step 2: Override the default dart HttpOverrides class with the CustomHttpOverrides in the main() method within the main.dart file

void main() {
  HttpOverrides.global = CustomHttpOverrides();
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

Use cases: In the Android Emulator you can access your services / API's running on your local machine via http and https protocols simply by send the http requests to 10.0.2.2 just like:

http://10.0.2.2:<port>/endpoint

https://10.0.2.2:<port>/endpoint

practice example

I have a web API implemented with C#, .NET 8 running on local machine with this http launch settings:

For https requests I have the port 1000 and for http requests I have the port 5197

To be able to send http requests to my API endpoints, I have temporarily disabled the Https Redirection:

// app.UseHttpsRedirection();

To fetch data from the Android Emulator, I attempted to send requests from Chrome to my endpoint:

• Using HTTP: http://10.0.2.2:5197/contracts/retrieve-contracts

• Using HTTPS: https://10.0.2.2:1000/contracts/retrieve-contracts

To send the http requests from a Flutter application:

// HTTP request
Response responseViaHttp = 
http.get(Uri.parse('http://10.0.2.2:5197/contracts/retrieve-contracts'))
as http.Response;

// HTTPS request
Response responseViaHttps =
http.get(Uri.parse('https://10.0.2.2:1000/contracts/retrieve-contracts'))
as http.Response;

Useful links:

HttpOverrides class

SecurityContext class

Android Emulator networking

Answer 3

This worked for me,

add this xml file to: andriod/app/src/main/res/xml/network_security_config.xml

network_security_config.xml

xml/network_security_config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <trust-anchors>
            <certificates src="system" />
        </trust-anchors>
    </base-config>
    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">your_domain1</domain>
    </domain-config>
    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">your_domain2</domain>
    </domain-config>
</network-security-config>

then add this code to AndroidMenifest.xml

<application
    ...
      android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
      android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
    ...
      >
      <!-- for http support-->
      <uses-library android:name="org.apache.http.legacy" android:required="false"/>
      ...
</application>
        

Answer 4

Easy Way

Add usesCleartextTraffic to AndroidManifest.xml

<application
...
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
...>

Indicates whether the app intends to use cleartext network traffic, such as cleartext HTTP. The default value for apps that target API level 27 or lower is "true". Apps that target API level 28 or higher default to "false".

Answer 5

The FULLY WORKING SOLUTION for both Android or React-native users facing this issue just add this android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" in AndroidManifest.xml file like this:

android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
tools:ignore="GoogleAppIndexingWarning">
<uses-library
    android:name="org.apache.http.legacy"
    android:required="false" />

in between <application>.. </application> tag like this:

<application
      android:name=".MainApplication"
      android:label="@string/app_name"
      android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
      android:allowBackup="false"
      android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
        android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
        tools:ignore="GoogleAppIndexingWarning">
        <uses-library
            android:name="org.apache.http.legacy"
            android:required="false" />
      <activity
        android:name=".MainActivity"
        android:label="@string/app_name"/>
 </application>

Answer 6

For React Native applications while running in debug add the xml block mentioned by @Xenolion to react_native_config.xml located in <project>/android/app/src/debug/res/xml

Similar to the following snippet:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="false">localhost</domain>
        <domain includeSubdomains="false">10.0.2.2</domain>
        <domain includeSubdomains="false">10.0.3.2</domain>
    </domain-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <trust-anchors>
            <certificates src="system" />
        </trust-anchors>
    </base-config>
</network-security-config>

Answer 7

i got the same problem and i notice that my security config has diferent TAGS like the @Xenolion answer says

<network-security-config>
    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
    </domain-config>
</network-security-config>

so i change the TAGS "domain-config" for "base-config" and works, like this:

<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
    </base-config>
</network-security-config>

Answer 8

Add usesCleartextTraffic to AndroidManifest.xml

e.g.

<application
...
android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
...>

in

<application
    android: allowBackup="true"
    android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
    android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
    android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
    android:label="AndroidLearning"
    android: supportsRtl="true"
    android:UsesCleartextTraffic="true" <-----
    android: theme="@style/Theme.AndroidLearning"
    tools:targetApi="31">
    <activity
    android:name=" MainActivity"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter>
    <action android:name="android. intent.action.MAIN" />
    ‹catedorv android:name="android.intent.catedorv.LAUNCHFR" />

Answer 9

You may check if you are sending clearText through HTTP Fix : https://medium.com/@son.rommer/fix-cleartext-traffic-error-in-android-9-pie-2f4e9e2235e6
OR
In the Case of Apache HTTP client deprecation (From Google ) : With Android 6.0, we removed support for the Apache HTTP client. Beginning with Android 9, that library is removed from the bootclasspath and is not available to apps by default. To continue using the Apache HTTP client, apps that target Android 9 and above can add the following to their AndroidManifest.xml:

Source https://developer.android.com/about/versions/pie/android-9.0-changes-28

Answer 10

Just set usesCleartextTraffic flag in the application tag of AndroidManifest.xml file. No need to create config file for Android.

 <application
   android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
   .
   .
   .>

Answer 11

A simple way is set android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" on you AndroidManifest.xml

android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"

Your AndroidManifest.xml look like

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest package="com.dww.drmanar">
   <application
       android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
       android:label="@string/app_name"
       android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"
       android:theme="@style/AppTheme"
       tools:targetApi="m">
       <activity
            android:name=".activity.SplashActivity"
            android:theme="@style/FullscreenTheme">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
       </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>

I hope this will help you.