How to pipe multiple commands into a single command in the shell? (sh, bash, ...)

Question

How can I pipe the stdout of multiple commands to a single command?

Example 1: combine and sort the output of all three echo commands:

echo zzz; echo aaa; echo kkk

desired output:

aaa
kkk
zzz

Example 2: rewrite the following so that all the commands are in a single command-line using pipes, without redirects to a temp file:

setopt > /tmp/foo; unsetopt >> /tmp/foo; set >> /tmp/foo; sort /tmp/foo

Answer 1

Use parentheses ()'s to combine the commands into a single process, which will concatenate the stdout of each of them.

Example 1 (note that $ is the shell prompt):

$ (echo zzz; echo aaa; echo kkk) | sort
aaa
kkk
zzz

Example 2:

$ (setopt; unsetopt; set) | sort

Answer 2

You can use {} for this and eliminate the need for a sub-shell as in (list), like so:

{ echo zzz; echo aaa; echo kkk; } | sort

We do need a whitespace character after { and before }. We also need the last ; when the sequence is written on a single line.

We could also write it on multiple lines without the need for any ;:

Example 1:

{
  echo zzz
  echo aaa
  echo kkk
} | sort

Example 2:

{
  setopt
  unsetopt
  set
} | sort

Answer 3

In Windows it would be as follow: (echo zzz & echo aaa & echo kkk) | sort

Or if it is inside a batch file it can be mono line (like sample) as well as multiline:

(
 echo zzz
 echo aaa
 echo kkk
) | sort

Note: The original post does not mention it is only for Linux, so I added the solution for Windows command line... it is very useful when working with VHD/VHDX with diskpart inside scripts (echo diskpart_command) instead of the echo on the same, but let there the echo, there is also another way without echos and with > redirector, but it is very prone to errors and much more complex to write (why use a complicated prone to errors way if exists a simple way that allways work well)... also remember %d% gives you the actual path (very useful for not hardcoding the path of VHD/VHDX files).