How to print without a newline or space

Question

Consider these examples using print in Python:

>>> for i in range(4): print('.')
.
.
.
.
>>> print('.', '.', '.', '.')
. . . .

Either a newline or a space is added between each value. How can I avoid that, so that the output is .... instead? In other words, how can I "append" strings to the standard output stream?

Answer 1

In Python 3, you can use the sep= and end= parameters of the print function:

To not add a newline to the end of the string:

print('.', end='')

To not add a space between all the function arguments you want to print:

print('a', 'b', 'c', sep='')

You can pass any string to either parameter, and you can use both parameters at the same time.

If you are having trouble with buffering, you can flush the output by adding flush=True keyword argument:

print('.', end='', flush=True)

Python 2.6 and 2.7

From Python 2.6 you can either import the print function from Python 3 using the __future__ module:

from __future__ import print_function

which allows you to use the Python 3 solution above.

However, note that the flush keyword is not available in the version of the print function imported from __future__ in Python 2; it only works in Python 3, more specifically 3.3 and later. In earlier versions you'll still need to flush manually with a call to sys.stdout.flush(). You'll also have to rewrite all other print statements in the file where you do this import.

Or you can use sys.stdout.write()

import sys
sys.stdout.write('.')

You may also need to call

sys.stdout.flush()

to ensure stdout is flushed immediately.

Answer 2

The print function in Python 3.x has an optional end parameter that lets you modify the ending character:

print("HELLO", end="")
print("HELLO")

Output:

HELLOHELLO

There's also sep for separator:

print("HELLO", "HELLO", "HELLO", sep="")

Output:

HELLOHELLOHELLO

If you wanted to use this in Python 2.x just add this at the start of your file:

from __future__ import print_function

Answer 3

Note: The title of this question used to be something like "How to printf in Python"

Since people may come here looking for it based on the title, Python also supports printf-style substitution:

>>> strings = [ "one", "two", "three" ]
>>>
>>> for i in xrange(3):
...     print "Item %d: %s" % (i, strings[i])
...
Item 0: one
Item 1: two
Item 2: three

And, you can handily multiply string values:

>>> print "." * 10
..........

Answer 4

How to print on the same line:

import sys
for i in xrange(0,10):
   sys.stdout.write(".")
   sys.stdout.flush()

Answer 5

Use the Python 3-style print function for Python 2.6+ (it will also break any existing keyworded print statements in the same file).

# For Python 2 to use the print() function, removing the print keyword
from __future__ import print_function
for x in xrange(10):
    print('.', end='')

To not ruin all your Python 2 print keywords, create a separate printf.py file:

# printf.py

from __future__ import print_function

def printf(str, *args):
    print(str % args, end='')

Then, use it in your file:

from printf import printf
for x in xrange(10):
    printf('.')
print 'done'
#..........done

More examples showing the printf style:

printf('hello %s', 'world')
printf('%i %f', 10, 3.14)
#hello world10 3.140000

Answer 6

I recently had the same problem...

I solved it by doing:

import sys, os

# Reopen standard output with "newline=None".
# in this mode,
# Input:  accepts any newline character, outputs as '\n'
# Output: '\n' converts to os.linesep

sys.stdout = os.fdopen(sys.stdout.fileno(), "w", newline=None)

for i in range(1,10):
    print(i)

This works on both Unix and Windows, but I have not tested it on Mac OS X.

Answer 7

For Python 2 and earlier, it should be as simple as described in Re: How does one print without a CR? by Guido van Rossum (paraphrased):

Is it possible to print something, but not automatically have a carriage return appended to it?

Yes, append a comma after the last argument to print. For instance, this loop prints the numbers 0..9 on a line separated by spaces. Note the parameterless "print" that adds the final newline:

>>> for i in range(10):
...     print i,
... else:
...     print
...
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
>>>

Answer 8

You can do the same in Python 3 as follows:

#!usr/bin/python

i = 0
while i<10 :
    print('.', end='')
    i = i+1

And execute it with python filename.py or python3 filename.py.

Answer 9

In Python 2.x, you can just add , at the end of the print function, so it won't print on a new line.

Answer 10

for i in xrange(0,10): print '\b.',

This worked in both 2.7.8 & 2.5.2 (Enthought Canopy and OS X terminal, respectively) -- no module imports or time travel required.

Answer 11

lenooh satisfied my query. I discovered this article while searching for 'python suppress newline'. I'm using IDLE 3 on Raspberry Pi to develop Python 3.2 for PuTTY.

I wanted to create a progress bar on the PuTTY command line. I didn't want the page scrolling away. I wanted a horizontal line to reassure the user from freaking out that the program hasn't cruncxed to a halt nor been sent to lunch on a merry infinite loop - as a plea to 'leave me be, I'm doing fine, but this may take some time.' interactive message - like a progress bar in text.

The print('Skimming for', search_string, '\b! .001', end='') initializes the message by preparing for the next screen-write, which will print three backspaces as ⌫⌫⌫ rubout and then a period, wiping off '001' and extending the line of periods.

After search_string parrots user input, the \b! trims the exclamation point of my search_string text to back over the space which print() otherwise forces, properly placing the punctuation. That's followed by a space and the first 'dot' of the 'progress bar' which I'm simulating.

Unnecessarily, the message is also then primed with the page number (formatted to a length of three with leading zeros) to take notice from the user that progress is being processed and which will also reflect the count of periods we will later build out to the right.

import sys

page=1
search_string=input('Search for?',)
print('Skimming for', search_string, '\b! .001', end='')
sys.stdout.flush() # the print function with an end='' won't print unless forced
while page:
    # some stuff…
    # search, scrub, and build bulk output list[], count items,
    # set done flag True
    page=page+1 #done flag set in 'some_stuff'
    sys.stdout.write('\b\b\b.'+format(page, '03')) #<-- here's the progress bar meat
    sys.stdout.flush()
    if done: #( flag alternative to break, exit or quit)
        print('\nSorting', item_count, 'items')
        page=0 # exits the 'while page' loop
list.sort()
for item_count in range(0, items)
    print(list[item_count])

#print footers here
if not (len(list)==items):
    print('#error_handler')

The progress bar meat is in the sys.stdout.write('\b\b\b.'+format(page, '03')) line. First, to erase to the left, it backs up the cursor over the three numeric characters with the '\b\b\b' as ⌫⌫⌫ rubout and drops a new period to add to the progress bar length. Then it writes three digits of the page it has progressed to so far. Because sys.stdout.write() waits for a full buffer or the output channel to close, the sys.stdout.flush() forces the immediate write. sys.stdout.flush() is built into the end of print() which is bypassed with print(txt, end='' ). Then the code loops through its mundane time intensive operations while it prints nothing more until it returns here to wipe three digits back, add a period and write three digits again, incremented.

The three digits wiped and rewritten is by no means necessary - it's just a flourish which exemplifies sys.stdout.write() versus print(). You could just as easily prime with a period and forget the three fancy backslash-b ⌫ backspaces (of course not writing formatted page counts as well) by just printing the period bar longer by one each time through - without spaces or newlines using just the sys.stdout.write('.'); sys.stdout.flush() pair.

Please note that the Raspberry Pi IDLE 3 Python shell does not honor the backspace as ⌫ rubout, but instead prints a space, creating an apparent list of fractions instead.

Answer 12

Using functools.partial to create a new function called printf:

>>> import functools

>>> printf = functools.partial(print, end="")

>>> printf("Hello world\n")
Hello world

It is an easy way to wrap a function with default parameters.

Answer 13

Python 3:

print('.', end='')

Python 2.6+:

from __future__ import print_function # needs to be first statement in file
print('.', end='')

Python <=2.5:

import sys
sys.stdout.write('.')

If extra space is OK after each print, in Python 2:

print '.',

Misleading in Python 2 - avoid:

print('.'), # Avoid this if you want to remain sane
# This makes it look like print is a function, but it is not.
# This is the `,` creating a tuple and the parentheses enclose an expression.
# To see the problem, try:
print('.', 'x'), # This will print `('.', 'x') `

Answer 14

You want to print something in the for loop right; but you don't want it print in new line every time...

For example:

 for i in range (0,5):
   print "hi"

 OUTPUT:
    hi
    hi
    hi
    hi
    hi

---

But you want it to print like this: hi hi hi hi hi hi right????

Just add a comma after printing "hi".

Example:

for i in range (0,5):
    print "hi",

OUTPUT:

hi hi hi hi hi

Answer 15

You can try:

import sys
import time
# Keeps the initial message in buffer.
sys.stdout.write("\rfoobar bar black sheep")
sys.stdout.flush()
# Wait 2 seconds
time.sleep(2)
# Replace the message with a new one.
sys.stdout.write("\r"+'hahahahaaa             ')
sys.stdout.flush()
# Finalize the new message by printing a return carriage.
sys.stdout.write('\n')

Answer 16

Many of these answers seem a little complicated. In Python 3.x you simply do this:

print(<expr>, <expr>, ..., <expr>, end=" ")

The default value of end is "\n". We are simply changing it to a space or you can also use end="" (no space) to do what printf normally does.

Answer 17

In Python 3+, print is a function. When you call

print('Hello, World!')

Python translates it to

print('Hello, World!', end='\n')

You can change end to whatever you want.

print('Hello, World!', end='')
print('Hello, World!', end=' ')

Answer 18

You will notice that all the above answers are correct. But I wanted to make a shortcut to always writing the " end='' " parameter in the end.

You could define a function like

def Print(*args, sep='', end='', file=None, flush=False):
    print(*args, sep=sep, end=end, file=file, flush=flush)

It would accept all the number of parameters. Even it will accept all the other parameters, like file, flush, etc. and with the same name.

Answer 19

You do not need to import any library. Just use the delete character:

BS = u'\0008' # The Unicode point for the "delete" character
for i in range(10):print(BS + "."),

This removes the newline and the space (^_^)*.

Answer 20

In general, there are two ways to do this:

Print without a newline in Python 3.x

Append nothing after the print statement and remove '\n' by using end='', as:

>>> print('hello')
hello  # Appending '\n' automatically
>>> print('world')
world # With previous '\n' world comes down

# The solution is:
>>> print('hello', end='');print(' world'); # End with anything like end='-' or end=" ", but not '\n'
hello world # It seems to be the correct output

Another Example in Loop:

for i in range(1,10):
    print(i, end='.')

Print without a newline in Python 2.x

Adding a trailing comma says: after print, ignore \n.

>>> print "hello",; print" world"
hello world

Another Example in Loop:

for i in range(1,10):
    print "{} .".format(i),

You can visit this link.

Answer 21

Or have a function like:

def Print(s):
    return sys.stdout.write(str(s))

Then now:

for i in range(10): # Or `xrange` for the Python 2 version
    Print(i)

Outputs:

0123456789

Answer 22

 for i in range(0, 5): #setting the value of (i) in the range 0 to 5 
     print(i)

The above code gives the following output:

 0    
 1
 2
 3
 4

But if you want to print all these output in a straight line then all you should do is add an attribute called end() to print.

 for i in range(0, 5): #setting the value of (i) in the range 0 to 5 
     print(i, end=" ")

Output:

 0 1 2 3 4

And not just a space, you can also add other endings for your output. For example,

 for i in range(0, 5): #setting the value of (i) in the range 0 to 5 
     print(i, end=", ")

Output:

 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 

Remember:

 Note: The [for variable in range(int_1, int_2):] always prints till the variable is 1

 less than it's limit. (1 less than int_2)

Answer 23

Python3 :

print('Hello',end='')

Example :

print('Hello',end=' ')
print('world')

Output: Hello world

This method add spearator between provided texts :

print('Hello','world',sep=',')

Output:Hello,world

Answer 24

just use the end ="" or sep =""

>>> for i in range(10):
        print('.', end = "")

output:

.........

Answer 25

Just use end=''

for i in range(5):
  print('a',end='')

# aaaaa

Answer 26

Here are three codes for you to choose one:

print("".join(["." for i in range(4)]))

or

print("." + "." + "." + ".")

or

print(".", ".", ".", ".", sep="")

Answer 27

To print without ending a line, you can do this:

print("Hello", end='')

So if you add

print(" Hello again!", end='')

The output will look like this:

Hello Hello again!

Answer 28

Add end='' to the print function e.g.:

print(i+1, end='')