As we know, PHP works in the "share nothing" phylosophy. It therefore is bound with serious performance limitations.
While a compiled script can be accelerated by some caching extensions we cannot avoid very heavy initialization (for example, we have a web-service and every call will at least require parsing and bootstrapping DTO schemas, setting up data bindings, connecting database (persistent mysql connections is really dirty hack from that perspective), opening another remote services and so on).
Also this problem seems to be solved by ReactPHP framework, but... do any lightweight non-framework solutions exist? Anything from hack ways, one-file examples to lightweight libraries (not frameworks) accepted. No complex web-server recreated functionality required. Just handling plain POST requests is enough.
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The task itself is so essential so I wonder why PHP is not providing this out-of-the-box yet...
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One fine way to do it is have a CLI script that would act like your normal Java/nodeJS server. And use a light PHP gateway to receive the HTTP requests and require the needed info from the CLI through socket.
An interesting read is http://liveforeverbook.info/blog/2008/01/31/persistent-web-apps-in-php/