How to square all the values in a vector in R?

Question

I would like to square every value in data, and I am thinking about using a for loop like this:

data = rnorm(100, mean=0, sd=1)
Newdata = {L = NULL;  for (i in data)  {i = i*i}  L = i  return (L)}

Answer 1

Try this (faster and simpler):

newData <- data^2

Answer 2

This will also work

newData <- data*data

Answer 3

How about sapply (not really necessary for this simple case):

newData<- sapply(data, function(x) x^2)

Answer 4

This is another simple way:

sq_data <- data**2