javascript manipulating values within the scope chain

Question

I've been reading up on Javascript closures and scope chains, but I haven't seen anything about maniuplating variables from within the scope chain. Here's a similar type of scenario I'm running into:

function first() {
  var a = [];
  a.push({firstFunction: 'yes'});

  doSomethingFunction(valueToPassIn, function() {
    a.push({secondFunction: 'yes'});

    doAnotherThingFunction(newValueToPassIn, function() {
      a.push({thirdFunction: 'yes'});
    })
  })

  console.log(a) //returns {firstFunction: 'yes'}
}

how can I get it to return {firstFunction: 'yes', secondFunction: 'yes', thirdFunction: 'yes'}

The code may have syntax errors, but it's the idea I'm trying to understand. I just wrote this code up on the fly so you guys could see a similar scenario as to what I'm trying to fix.

Thanks

Answer 1

I know this was answered in the comments but here is an example of using a callback.

function first(callback) {
  var a = [];
  a.push({firstFunction: 'yes'});

  doSomethingFunction(valueToPassIn, function() {
    a.push({secondFunction: 'yes'});

    doAnotherThingFunction(newValueToPassIn, function() {
      a.push({thirdFunction: 'yes'});
      callback(a);
    });

  });
}

first(function(a){ console.log(a); });

The only problem with this method is that it gets unruly when you have more than 3 or 4 nested callback functions. Promises are the way to handle it.

jsfiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/axqmvdxg/