Apparently SSIDs can contain UTF-8 chars and also control characters etc. IIUC to contain UTF-8 chars they must specify the SSIDEncoding field. I was under the impression that I can only get ASCII bytes till now.
How should I handle the situation in Android ? Namely, how can I check the SSIDEncoding field from the ScanResult ? Do I need to ? Also what does ScanResult.SSID contain in these cases (including the case an SSID includes non printable characters) ?
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The short answer is that you can't detect it, but you don't need to.
Android only returns a String in ScanResult and WifiConfiguration (There is no documented encoding field). Since Java Strings can contain accept different encodings, but internally store unicode (How to check the charset of string in Java?) then the original encoding is lost in translation. But if all you need is a String and you are using APIs and storage mechanisms that accept Java String then all of those things should already support encoding that String to whatever format they require and you probably have nothing to worry about.
I can't speak to what Android does under the covers with respect to giving you that String, but the link you provided provides some ideas. If Android does or does not support different encoding types for the SSID, there's nothing you can do about it.