OpenGL motion blur without accumulation buffer

Question

I'm trying to implement a real motion blur using OpenGL, but without the accumulation buffer (due to it not working on my graphics card). Here is my idea for the implementation:

• Have a fixed array of (temporarily) blank framebuffers & textures for each "blur"
• Whenever a new frame is encountered, move the first element to the end, and render to that framebuffer instead
• Render them all, first frame having 1/n opacity, second one having 1/(n / 2), etc... until the newest one having 1.

Is there any simpler/faster/more optimized way than this? Or is this the best solution?

Answer 1

There are two general approaches to doing this kind of thing:

1. Render every "subframe" of the final frame separately and then in a final pass combine all of them
2. Render subframe by subframe where in each pass you would read the result of the previous pass, multiply it by your weight coefficient, and as a result your final pass will be a composition of all of them.

It's not trivial to tell which of these methods would work better. Method (2) has the disadvantage that you're making many passes, therefore a lot of overhead. Method (1) will be bottlnecked at the texture reads. Although in method (1) you still ultimately read all the data you would in method (2), in method (1) you'll be able to take advantage of multiple cache lines for the texture memory fetches. So the two most important factors that determine performance here are

a) How many "subframes" you have b) How big your screen is and thus how big the textures to be read and written to will be.

Answer 2

What NicolBolas says in his comments is correct: To get real motion blur you must apply vector blur which is controlled by each fragment's speed; calculate the screen space speed of each vertex and pass that as another uniform to the fragment shader. Then apply a vector blur in the direction and distance of the fragment's speed.

Since this will blur with other fragments you're ending up with a problem of transparency ordering. Hence you should apply this as a post processing effect, ideally with depth peeled layers. You can save on the depth sorting complexity by using a backlog of previously rendered frames to blend into, which is essentially the framebuffer method you suggested, with vector blur added.