I am posting this as a question, so I can answer it for the benefit of others.
The problem:
I wanted to produce an overview table of 50+ scientific articles included in a literature review.
I stored data of each article in an R data frame, including a column 'ref' which was a text that represented the unique identifier for that article in my bibTeX file.
I wanted to render (quarto) that data frame into a table in my output (html or docx), but with the appropriate citation, as managed by pandoc.
The issue here then is: How to go from a string variable representing a unique bibtex entry identifier in R code to a markdown citation inside a markdown table.
One solution
The following is a minimal working example of a solution:
this requires a bibtex file called references.bib