strtr() partially not work

Question

strtr() partially not work

234 Views Asked by bee At 07 April 2025 at 00:22

I build a script that should generate an sitemap for my project.

This script use strtr() to replace unwanted signs and also convert German umlauts.

    $ers = array( '<' => '', '>' => '', ' ' => '-',  'Ä' => 'Ae', 'Ö' => 'Oe', 'Ü' => 'Ue', 'ä' => 'ae', 'ö' => 'oe', 'ü' => 'ue', 'ß' => 'ss', '&' => 'und', '*' => '', ' - ' => '-', ',' => '', '.' => '', '!' => '', '?' => '' );
foreach ($rs_post as $row) { 
  $kategorie = $row['category'];
  $kategorie = strtr($kategorie,$ers);
  $kategorie = strtolower($kategorie);
  $kategorie = trim($kategorie);
  $org_file .= "<url><loc>https://domain.org/kategorie/" . $kategorie . "/</loc><lastmod>2016-08-18T19:02:42+00:00</lastmod><changefreq>monthly</changefreq><priority>0.2</priority></url>" . PHP_EOL;
}

Unwanted signs like "<" will be replaced correctly, but the German umlauts are not converted. I have no idea why.

Someone has a tipp for me?

Torsten

Original Q&A

There are 2 best solutions below

Grappachu On 19 August 2016 at 12:43

Check for charset. If your sending form page uses:

<meta charset="utf-8">

will not work.

try use another encoding like

<meta charset="ISO-8859-1">

Here's a small sample code to test your replacement array:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<?php
if(isset($_POST["txt"])) 
{   
    echo '<head><meta charset="ISO-8859-1"></head><body>';

    $posted = $_POST["txt"]; 
    echo 'Received raw: ' . $posted .'<br/>';
    echo 'Received: ' . htmlspecialchars($posted).'<br/>';; 

    $ers = array( '<' => '', '>' => '', ' ' => '-',  'Ä' => 'Ae', 'Ö' => 'Oe', 'Ü' => 'Ue', 'ä' => 'ae', 'ö' => 'oe', 'ü' => 'ue', 'ß' => 'ss', '&' => 'und', '*' => '', ' - ' => '-', ',' => '', '.' => '', '!' => '', '?' => '' );

    $replaced = strtr($posted,$ers);   
    echo 'Replaced: ' . $replaced .'<br/>';  
}
else {
    ?>  
<head>
    <!--<meta charset="utf-8">--> <!--THIS ENCODING WILL NOT WORK -->
     <meta charset="ISO-8859-1">  <!--THIS WORKS FINE -->
</head>
<body> 
  <p>the text you want to replace here</p>
  <form action="#" method="post">
  Text: <input type="text" name="txt" value="">
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

<?php   
}
?>  
</body>
</html>

**Ilmari Karonen** · Accepted Answer

As others have noted, the most likely cause is a character encoding mismatch. Since the titles you're trying to convert are apparently in UTF-8, the problem is most likely that your PHP source code isn't. Try re-saving the file as UTF-8 text, and see if that fixes the problem.

BTW, a simple way to debug this would be to print out both your data rows and your transliteration array into the same output file using e.g. print_r() or var_dump(), and look at the output to see if the non-ASCII characters in it look correct. If the characters look right in the data but wrong in the transliteration table (or vice versa), that's a sign that the encodings don't match.

Ps. If you have the PHP iconv extension installed (and you probably do), consider using it to automatically convert your titles to ASCII.

strtr() partially not work

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