To read from a text file and input into structure of array then displaying the data read C++

Question

I have some trouble displaying the file I've read into an array of structure.

This is my struct:

struct Employee {
    char staffId[5];
    char fullName[30];
    char phoneNum[15];
    char address[40];
    char email[30];
 };

This is my text file (columns separated by "tab"):

1   Clark Kent      012-1449326 221, Jalan Pudu, Kuala Lumpur   [email protected]
2   Bruce Wayne     013-9817470 65, Jalan Jejaka, Kuala Lumpur  [email protected]
3   Peter Parker    017-6912495 26, Jalan Rajabot, Kuala Lumpur [email protected]
4   Yeoman Prince   014-1374040 22, Jalan 1/109e, Kuala Lumpur  [email protected]
5   Tony Stark      016-7473151 21, Jalan Pandan, Kuala Lumpur  [email protected]
6   Selina Kyle     012-4040928 Wisma Cosway, Kuala Lumpur [email protected]
7   Steve Rogers    018-9285217 Desa Pandan, Kuala Lumpur   [email protected]
8   Alan Scott      019-5569400 2, Jalan U1/17, Shah Alam   [email protected]
9   Britt Reid      011-7876738 43, Jalan SS2/23, Petaling Jaya [email protected]
10  Darcy Walker    011-4042788 Blok B, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur   [email protected]
11  Reed Richards   019-2299339 Menara U, Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur [email protected]
12  Barbara Gordon  017-2297980 The Boulevard, Kuala Lumpur [email protected]
13  Don Diego Vega  012-4142987 10, Jalan Wangsa, Kuala Lumpur  [email protected]
14  Billy Batson    013-9200151 122, Jalan Jejaka, Kuala Lumpur [email protected]
15  Barry Allen     017-7928822 Wisma Laxton, Kuala Lumpur  [email protected]
16  Stanley Beamish 014-9177437 203, Sunwaymas, Batu Caves  [email protected]
17  Dick Grayson    017-4023800 Pekeliling Bus, Kuala Lumpur    [email protected]
18  James Howlett   012-7816910 Sri Hartamas, Kuala Lumpur  [email protected]
19  Hal Jordan      013-3439897 302, Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur [email protected]
20  Scott Summers   012-9057100 Menara Summit, Subang Jaya  [email protected]

My code to read from the text file:

ifstream in("list.txtwith extension");
Employee *totaldata = new Employee[value + 1];
string line;
while (getline(in, line)) {
    istringstream iss(line);
    string token;

    while (getline(iss, token, '\t')) {
        // if you just want to print the information
        cout << token << '\t';
        // or you can store it in an Employee object
        in.getline(totaldata[value].staffId, 5, '\t');
        in.getline(totaldata[value].fullName, 30, '\t');
        in.getline(totaldata[value].phoneNum, 15, '\t');
        in.getline(totaldata[value].address, 40,'\t');
        in.getline(totaldata[value].email, 30, '\t');
            value++;
    }
    cout << endl;

    for (int i = 0; i < value; i++) 
    {
        cout << totaldata[value].staffId << "\t"
             << totaldata[value].fullName << "\t"
             << totaldata[value].phoneNum << "\t"
             << totaldata[value].address << "\t"
             << totaldata[value].email << endl;
    }

I can't seem to input it in an array of structure and can't display it out?

Answer 1

You have a long list of bugs in your prog!

1) the data you provide has no tabs ( maybe only a problem by copy & paste to SO ) so please be shure for your next post to SO your data is formatted as described!

2) your field "phone number" is to short. There are longer phone numbers present in the data records

3) you should use constants instead of hard coded values for the size of fields. If you change the field size on one place, you are in danger to miss that on other places! see example!

4) the last element of every line would not contain a tab at the end I believe! So the last getline in the line should read until end not until tab!

5) Your loop for printing the data has to use the loop var i and not value which is the number of the first element BEHIND! your data!

6) Your reading loop was totally confused. I reduced it a bit ;)

7) you use a fixed size of elements/records. But you do not check for overrun! So if value becomes 11 your program crashes!

8) As a general remark: Your program is C code! You don't use objects but plain data structures and functions which directly write into that data structures. That is not object oriented and has a lot of problems like overwriting field size, not checking for ranges and having inconsistent data!

I added a more c++ style example at the end. This example is also not really perfect as it takes a lot of copies of strings during processing which makes it slower than the good old c-style code. But it should help to give you an idea to use objects which knows how to do actions itself like reading/writing the own data. As said: Only as a start point and far away from really well!

struct Employee {
    static const unsigned int staffIdLen = 5;
    static const unsigned int fullNameLen = 30;
    static const unsigned int phoneNumLen = 20;
    static const unsigned int addressLen = 40;
    static const unsigned int emailLen = 30;

    char staffId[staffIdLen];
    char fullName[fullNameLen];
    char phoneNum[phoneNumLen];
    char address[addressLen];
    char email[emailLen];
};


int main()
{
    const unsigned int maxRecords = 10;
    std::ifstream in("f.txt");
    Employee *totaldata = new Employee[ maxRecords ];
    std::string line;
    unsigned int value = 0;

    while ( std::getline(in, line) )
    {
        std::cout << "Read from file:" << line << std::endl;

        std::istringstream iss(line);

        iss.getline(totaldata[value].staffId, Employee::staffIdLen, '\t');
        iss.getline(totaldata[value].fullName, Employee::fullNameLen, '\t');
        iss.getline(totaldata[value].phoneNum, Employee::phoneNumLen, '\t');
        iss.getline(totaldata[value].address, Employee::addressLen,'\t');
        iss.getline(totaldata[value].email, Employee::emailLen);
        value++;
        if ( value == maxRecords ) break;
    }

    std::cout << "Finish reading file " << std::endl;

    for (int i = 0; i < value; i++)
    {
        std::cout << "----------------start-----------" << std::endl;
        std::cout << totaldata[i].staffId << "\t"
            << totaldata[i].fullName << "\t"
            << totaldata[i].phoneNum << "\t"
            << totaldata[i].address << "\t"
            << totaldata[i].email << std::endl;

        std::cout << "--------------end--------------" << std::endl;

    }
}

c++ example:

class Employee {
    private:
        std::string staffId;
        std::string fullName;
        std::string phoneNum;
        std::string address;
        std::string email;

    public:
        friend std::istream& operator>>( std::istream&, Employee& );
        friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream&, const Employee& );
};

std::istream& operator>>( std::istream& is, Employee& e)
{
    std::getline( is, e.staffId, '\t');
    std::getline( is, e.fullName, '\t');
    std::getline( is, e.phoneNum, '\t');
    std::getline( is, e.address, '\t');
    std::getline( is, e.email );

    return is;
}

std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os, const Employee& e)
{
    os << e.staffId << e.fullName << e.phoneNum << e.address << e.email << std::endl;

    return os;
}

int main()
{
    std::ifstream in("f.txt");
    std::vector<Employee> employees;

    do
    {
        Employee e;
        in >> e;

        if ( in.fail() ) break;
        employees.push_back( e );
    } while( 1 );

    for ( auto& e: employees)
    {
        std::cout << e << std::endl;
    }

}