By "not working" I mean the page loads with an http:// prefix. If I manually type https:// it times out. I'm hoping that someone who has done this before can glance at the tutorials and see what might be missing.

The tutorials I've tried all tend to be the same:

If I test the SSL connection with an online utility such as:

I get this error:

No SSL certificates were found on mywebsite.com. Make sure that the name resolves to the correct server and that the SSL port (default is 443) is open on your server's firewall.

Relevant info:

$ sudo uname -a Linux ip-172-26-14-207 4.9.0-8-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.110-3+deb9u6 (2018-10-08) x86_64 GNU/Linux

Running in an AWS Lightsail instance with Debian (OS only) and LAMP stack installed.

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Solved it! After using nmap, wget, telnet, etc. to verify that port 443 was open locally but not externally, I remembered that my AWS Lightsail instance was a virtual private server and I might need to configure the VPS. Sure enough, in the Lightsail web interface there is a firewall setting.

Lightsail landing page > Manage instance > Networking > Firewall

AWS Lightsail > Manage Instance > Networking > Firewall