What do the 'M', 'c' and 'z' mean in SVG paths?

Question

http://paperjs.org/examples/

I'm trying to create a custom path with Chain, and I see that Tadpoles has a predefined heart-shaped path, so I'm trying to copy it but I don't understand a few parts of it.

var heartPath = new Path('M514.69629,624.70313c-7.10205,-27.02441 -17.2373,-52.39453 -30.40576,-76.10059c-13.17383,-23.70703 -38.65137,-60.52246 -76.44434,-110.45801c-27.71631,-36.64355 -44.78174,-59.89355 -51.19189,-69.74414c-10.5376,-16.02979 -18.15527,-30.74951 -22.84717,-44.14893c-4.69727,-13.39893 -7.04297,-26.97021 -7.04297,-40.71289c0,-25.42432 8.47119,-46.72559 25.42383,-63.90381c16.94775,-17.17871 37.90527,-25.76758 62.87354,-25.76758c25.19287,0 47.06885,8.93262 65.62158,26.79834c13.96826,13.28662 25.30615,33.10059 34.01318,59.4375c7.55859,-25.88037 18.20898,-45.57666 31.95215,-59.09424c19.00879,-18.32178 40.99707,-27.48535 65.96484,-27.48535c24.7373,0 45.69531,8.53564 62.87305,25.5957c17.17871,17.06592 25.76855,37.39551 25.76855,60.98389c0,20.61377 -5.04102,42.08691 -15.11719,64.41895c-10.08203,22.33203 -29.54687,51.59521 -58.40723,87.78271c-37.56738,47.41211 -64.93457,86.35352 -82.11328,116.8125c-13.51758,24.0498 -23.82422,49.24902 -30.9209,75.58594z');

I don't understand what the M at the start of the path means, or the c in some of the values or z at the end of the path. I tried to find info about it in their docs or Google it but I can't find what I want because single letters make searching tough.

I tried to remove the M at the start and the Tadpoles stopped moving, so I assume M potentially means 'moving'? Removing the c alters the shape of the heart, but removing the z doesn't seem to change anything.

Answer 1

The constructor you are invoking is this:

Path(, pathData)

Where pathData is described as:

the SVG path-data that describes the geometry of this path

The documentation you should read is the one of SVG.
As @GerardoFurtado mentioned in the comments, here is a read that could be of interest for you.

Answer 2

M: Move to

The command "Move To" or M, which was described above. It takes two parameters, a coordinate ' x ' and coordinate ' y ' to move to. If your cursor already was somewhere on the page, no line is drawn to connect the two places. The "Move To" command appears at the beginning of paths to specify where the drawing should start

z: Close Path

This command draws a straight line from the current position back to the first point of the path. It is often placed at the end of a path node, although not always. There is no difference between the uppercase and lowercase command.

c: Bezier Curves

The cubic curve, C, is the slightly more complex curve. Cubic Beziers take in two control points for each point. Therefore, to create a cubic Bezier, you need to specify three sets of coordinates.

source: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/SVG/Tutorial/Paths

-EDIT-

You can visit https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG/Attribute/d for a full reference to all the possible commands and their usage.