printf without arguments is the function pointer, worth a non-zero value (it's built-in so the pointer cannot be zero)
Now you apply logical negation (!) on this non-zero value: you get zero.
Now negate this zero bit-wise (using bit to bit negation ~), you get all 1s in the int bit range (which can vary depending on the compiler)
Printing it in decimal yields -1, and in hexadecimal yields a given number of fs, depending on the size of the integer (on my 32bit integer compiler, I get ffffffff)
(note that -specially the negation of the function pointer- cannot be part of some valid program, this is only for academic purposes)
printfwithout arguments is the function pointer, worth a non-zero value (it's built-in so the pointer cannot be zero)Now you apply logical negation (
!) on this non-zero value: you get zero.Now negate this zero bit-wise (using bit to bit negation
~), you get all 1s in theintbit range (which can vary depending on the compiler)Printing it in decimal yields
-1, and in hexadecimal yields a given number offs, depending on the size of the integer (on my 32bit integer compiler, I getffffffff)(note that -specially the negation of the function pointer- cannot be part of some valid program, this is only for academic purposes)