When is the use of std::ref necessary?

Question

Consider:

std::tuple<int , const A&> func (const A& a) 
{
  return std::make_tuple( 0 , std::ref(a) );
}

Is the std::ref required for writing correct and portable code? (It compiles fine without it)

Background:

If I remove std::ref my code builds fine without any warnings (g++-4.6 -Wall), but doesn't run correctly.

In case of interest the definition of A:

struct A {
  std::array<int,2> vec;
  typedef int type_t;

  template<typename... OPs,typename... VALs>
  A& operator=(const std::pair< std::tuple<VALs...> , std::tuple<OPs...> >& e) {
    for( int i = 0 ; i < vec.size() ; ++i ) {
      vec[i] = eval( extract(i,e.first) , e.second );
    }
  }
};

Answer 1

• make_tuple(0, a) makes a tuple<int, A>.
• make_tuple(0, ref(a)) makes a tuple<int, reference_wrapper<A>>.
• You can also say tuple<int, A&> t(0, a); for a tuple you can't make with make_tuple, or use std::tie.

Answer 2

std::ref does not make a reference, so in your code sample it doesn't do what you expect. std::ref creates an object that behaves similarly to a reference. It may be useful, for example, when you want to instantiate a functor, and pass a reference-like version of it to a standard library algorithm. Since algorithms take functors by value, you can use std::ref to wrap the functor.

Answer 3

Answering the question in the title (When is the use of std::ref necessary?): Another case where std::ref is useful is when looping over a list of references to objects and modify them:

std::vector<int> v1, v2;
  
void test() {
  for (std::vector<int>& vv : 
    // Compiles
    { std::ref(v1), std::ref(v2) } 
  
    // Compiler rejects this with:
    //   binding reference of type 'vector<...>' to value of 
    //   type 'const vector<...>' drops 'const' qualifier 
    // { v1, v2} 
  ) {
      vv.push_back(3);
  }
}

Without using std::ref in the list, the objects are treated as const and can't be modified (see also https://godbolt.org/z/Ta6YM31KM).

Answer 4

One of the example where std::ref is necessary:

void update(int &data)  //expects a reference to int
{
    data = 15;
}
int main()
{
    int data = 10;

    // This doesn't compile as the data value is copied when its reference is expected.
    //std::thread t1(update, data);         

    std::thread t1(update, std::ref(data));  // works

    t1.join();
    return 0;
}

The std::thread constructor copies the supplied values, without converting to the expected argument type (which is reference type in this case, seeupdate()). So we need to wrap the arguments that really needs to be references in std::ref.