I know there are various work-arounds but it seems strange that a pretty common/helpful regular expression feature isn't available in JavaScript.
Is there any reason for this (performance issues, implementation issues, etc.) or was it not added in the beginning and now it is too late/not needed?
Simple, it just doesn't.
Languages can't have all the features available in other languages.
Why doesn't JavaScript have static typing? How come it doesn't support multiple inheritance? It's just built the way it is.