why %p,%x gives address in alphabet values and why %p gives any value in so many zeros(x86); also why the %d and %u specifiers do not work like them

Question

can anybody explain briefly how exactly these specifiers are working..i searched a lot about them but still confused about them.(i have a 32 bit pc).

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
    int v,*p;
    v=3;
    *p=v;
    printf("the value of  v = %d \n",v);
    printf("the address of  v = %d \n\n",&v);

    printf("the value of  v = %p \n",v);
    printf("the address of  v = %p \n\n",&v);

    printf("the value of  v = %u \n",v);
    printf("the address of  v = %u \n\n",&v);

    printf("the value of  v = %x \n",v);
    printf("the address of  v = %x \n\n",&v);

    printf("value stored through p  = %d \n",*p);
    printf("address of p = %d \n\n",p);

    printf("value stored through p  = %p \n",*p);
    printf("address of p = %p \n\n",p);

    printf("value stored through p  = %u \n",*p);
    printf("address of p = %u \n\n",p);

    printf("value stored through p  = %x \n",*p);
    printf("address of p = %x \n\n",p);


    return 0;
}

Answer 1

%d and %u are for printing numbers in a normal decimal format. Unless you add the options for leading zeroes, e.g. %05d to print at least 5 digits with leading zeroes, it prints in the most compact format, since that's how humans usually prefer to see their numbers.

%p is for printing memory addresses. This is printed in an implementation-dependent format. Since it's usually intended for use by programmers, hexadecimal is the most common format. And it's also usually easiest to deal with them if they're always the same length, so the maximum size for the computer architecture is shown.