Annotate positions using biomaRt

Question

I have some genome positions and I want to annotate these positions (find Ensembl gene ID, the features like exonic, intronic, ...) based on Ensembl using biomaRt R package.

part of my data

  chr       start        stop     strand
chr10   100572320   100572373          -   
chr10   100572649   100572658          +   

Answer 1

Prepare you data to query biomaRt

sample data

data = data.frame(chr = "chr17", start = 63973115, end = 64437414)
data$query = paste(gsub("chr",'',data$chr),data$start,data$end, sep = ":")

#> data
#    chr    start      end                query
#1 chr17 63973115 64437414 17:63973115:64437414

Then use biomaRt

library(biomaRt)

# select your dataset of interest accordingly. 
# I have used human specific dataset identifier
# you can see all available datasets using listDatasets(mart),
# after setting your mart of interest

mart = useMart(
         'ENSEMBL_MART_ENSEMBL', 
          host = 'ensembl.org', 
          dataset = 'hsapiens_gene_ensembl')

# do listAttributes(mart) to list all information you can extract using biomaRt

out = getBM(
        attributes = c('ensembl_gene_id', 'external_gene_name', 'gene_biotype', 
                       'ensembl_transcript_id', 'ensembl_exon_id'), 
        filters = 'chromosomal_region', 
        values = data$query, 
        mart = mart)

This will give you the ensembl Ids for genes, transcripts, and exons present in given genomic location. biomaRt offers lot more information, so do not forget to use listAttributes() to find out all.