I'm trying to add the Hexasoft.Zxcvbn package to my Xamarin Droid project, however when I try to do so it errors:
Could not install package 'Hexasoft.Zxcvbn 1.0.2'. You are trying to install this package into a project that targets 'MonoAndroid,Version=v7.1', but the package does not contain any assembly references or content files that are compatible with that framework. For more information, contact the package author
The source code is available on github (https://github.com/hexasoftuk/Hexasoft.Zxcvbn), so I can make any changes necessary. I'm just wondering what exactly has to be changed in order to support MonoAndroid 7.1?

The author of that library does not build it with MonoAndroid assembly. You need to download a source code of that library, add it to the project and try to compile it yourself. There are some caveats, for example, if that library target framework that's not available for Xamarin.Droid, you will be forced to find them, compile and circle repeat itself...
If you don't want to compile it, you can create PCL project and try to add it there. Then, link that PCL project to your app and use it as a proxy.
EDIT 1:If you are able to compile it, just add it into your Android project:

EDIT 2: Then do the twist, change your PCL library to NetStandart and try to import lib again:)