I have a static website hosted on an azure CDN (Verizon premium plan). There is a custom domain associated with this, lets call it www.website.com.
When typing 'website.com' into the nav bar, it returns a DNS_PROBE_FINISHED_NXDOMAIN error. However when typing 'www.website.com' it returns fine.
Is there a way that 'website.com' can be mapped/redirected to 'www.website.com'?

Your scenario is pointing apex domain to Azure Services, here Storage account.
Here is the Azure documentation which helps you to configure: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/dns/dns-alias#point-zone-apex-to-azure-cdn-endpoints
Let me know if you have any questions while configuring.