Got an 'Undefined Symbols' error when compiling .cpp file with ginac

Question

I'm using gcc(version 11) to compile my .cpp file, and the code is below, which is copied from the official website of ginac.

#include <iostream>
#include <ginac/ginac.h>
using namespace std;
using namespace GiNaC;
int main()
{
    symbol x("x"), y("y");
    ex poly;
    for (int i=0; i<3; ++i)
        poly += factorial(i+16)*pow(x,i)*pow(y,2-i);
    cout << poly << endl;
    return 0;
}

I used the compiling command like this:

gcc-11 -lstdc++ -lginac -lcln hello.cpp -o hello -I /usr/local/include -L /usr/local/lib

After that, I got some errors like this:

Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "__ZN5GiNaC12archive_node6add_exERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEERKNS_2exE", referenced from:
      __ZNK5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorE7archiveERNS_12archive_nodeE in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZN5GiNaC5basic12read_archiveERKNS_12archive_nodeERNS_9containerINSt7__cxx114listEEE", referenced from:
      __ZN5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorE12read_archiveERKNS_12archive_nodeERNS0_INSt7__cxx114listEEE in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZN5GiNaC6symbolC1ERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEE", referenced from:
      _main in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZN5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorE8reg_infoE", referenced from:
      __ZN5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorE21get_class_info_staticEv in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZN5GiNaClsERSoRKNS_2exE", referenced from:
      _main in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZNK5GiNaC12archive_node14find_ex_by_locEN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPKNS0_8propertyESt6vectorIS3_SaIS3_EEEERNS_2exERNS_9containerINSt7__cxx114listEEE", referenced from:
      __ZN5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorE12read_archiveERKNS_12archive_nodeERNS0_INSt7__cxx114listEEE in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZNK5GiNaC12archive_node19find_property_rangeERKNSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEEES8_", referenced from:
      __ZN5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorE12read_archiveERKNS_12archive_nodeERNS0_INSt7__cxx114listEEE in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZNK5GiNaC5basic10eval_ncmulERKSt6vectorINS_2exESaIS2_EE", referenced from:
      __ZTVN5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorEE in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZNK5GiNaC5basic11to_rationalERSt3mapINS_2exES2_NS_10ex_is_lessESaISt4pairIKS2_S2_EEE", referenced from:
      __ZTVN5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorEE in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZNK5GiNaC5basic13contract_withEN9__gnu_cxx17__normal_iteratorIPNS_2exESt6vectorIS3_SaIS3_EEEES8_RS7_", referenced from:
      __ZTVN5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorEE in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZNK5GiNaC5basic13to_polynomialERSt3mapINS_2exES2_NS_10ex_is_lessESaISt4pairIKS2_S2_EEE", referenced from:
      __ZTVN5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorEE in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZNK5GiNaC5basic14subs_one_levelERKSt3mapINS_2exES2_NS_10ex_is_lessESaISt4pairIKS2_S2_EEEj", referenced from:
      __ZNK5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorE4subsERKSt3mapINS_2exES4_NS_10ex_is_lessESaISt4pairIKS4_S4_EEEj in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZNK5GiNaC5basic5matchERKNS_2exERSt3mapIS1_S1_NS_10ex_is_lessESaISt4pairIS2_S1_EEE", referenced from:
      __ZTVN5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorEE in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZNK5GiNaC5basic6normalERSt3mapINS_2exES2_NS_10ex_is_lessESaISt4pairIKS2_S2_EEES9_RNS_9containerINSt7__cxx114listEEE", referenced from:
      __ZTVN5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorEE in ccEkVJyo.o
  "__ZNK5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorE4infoEj", referenced from:
      __ZTVN5GiNaC9containerISt6vectorEE in ccEkVJyo.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

I know that Undefined Symbols error often comes up because of the link error, but the detailed error messages looks like that these errors are from ginac itself.
I have tried different orders of these -l parameters, but the errors always exist.
I tried clang instead of gcc to compile this file and it works. So I guess I do install the ginac library correctly. But I'm still confused about these errors when using gcc.
Has anyone met this problem?
I would be very appreciate if anyone could give me some advice!

Answer 1

I also had issues using:

gcc-11 -lstdc++ -lginac -lcln hello.cpp -o hello -I /usr/local/include -L /usr/local/lib

but it did work with:

g++ -o hello hello.cpp `pkg-config --cflags --libs ginac`