I am currently trying to render mermaid C4 diagrams using asciidoctor. Mermaid itself can be rendered using asciidoctor. The following example is working as expected.
[mermaid,test]
....
timeline
title History of Social Media Platform
2002 : LinkedIn
2004 : Facebook
: Google
2005 : Youtube
2006 : Twitter
....
This is my try to render C4 and the result:
[mermaid]
....
C4Context
Person(Customer, "Member")
Person(Ops, "Ops")
....
Is an include necessary for C4 where you get the C4Context from? My feeling is that this is missing.

According to the Mermaid docs:
The problem is likely that the Asciidoctor dependency you're using to render Mermaid diagrams is using an older version of Mermaid without C4 support.
The Kroki site supports Mermaid C4 today, so you might try using
asciidoctor-krokiinstead of your current dependency.