How inner class object resides in memory?

Question

Outer outer = new Outer();

an Object of Outer class is created on heap and reference variable points to it.

If I understand it right when I write

Outer.Inner inner=outer.new Inner();

an object of Inner class is created on heap and inner points to it. In heap we have two separate objects which contains their own instance variables.

But if I write

Outer.Inner inner=new Outer().new Inner();

still two Object would be created on heap one for Outer and other for Inner. But with reference the inner only Inner Object's members are accessible . Who is referring to the outer Object on heap? If it is not referred by any reference then it should be eligible for garbage collection which would then impact the usage of inner.

Answer 1

An inner class contains a hidden reference to its outer class instance. That hidden reference keeps the outer class instance alive if there are no other references to it.

To see this in action, take this source code and compile it:

public class Outer {
    public class Inner {
    }
}

Now use the java class inspection tool javap to see the hidden reference:

$ javap -p Outer\$Inner
Compiled from "Outer.java"
public class Outer$Inner {
  final Outer this$0;
  public Outer$Inner(Outer);
}

You'll see that there is a package-scope hidden reference called this$0 of type Outer - this is the reference that I talked about above.

Answer 2

Naturally, the inner holds on to strong references of the things it wants strong references to - like the other half of its instance variables which reside in Outer.

Answer 3

Each instance of an inner class holds a reference to an instance of its outer class. It's the reference that you get when you write Outer.this within one of the inner class's methods. The anonymous Outer instance won't be eligible for garbage collection unless all Inner instances associated with it are also eligible for garbage collection.