How to assert on callback when using jest.useFakeTimers

Question

I'm trying to understand how to correctly unit test a custom debounce method we have:

// function we want to test
function debounce(func, wait = 100) {
  let timeout;

  return (...args) => {
    clearTimeout(timeout);
    timeout = setTimeout(() => {
      func.apply(this, args);
    }, wait);
  };
}

Here is the Jest unit test that is failing:

describe('DebounceExample', () => {
  beforeAll(jest.useFakeTimers);
  afterAll(jest.useRealTimers);

  it('should debounce', () => {
    // given
    const data = 'Chuck Norris is faster than you think';
    const debounceTime = 5000;
    const callback = jest.fn();
    const debouncedFunction = debounce(callback, debounceTime);

    // when
    debouncedFunction(data);

    // then
    expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

    // when
    jest.runAllTimers(); // jest.advanceTimersByTime(debounceTime);

    // then
    expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalled();
  });
});

Failure:

Error: expect(jest.fn()).toHaveBeenCalled()

Expected number of calls: >= 1
Received number of calls:    0  Jest

I've also tried the solution here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/52638566/704681 without success

Workaround: the only way I'm able to test it so far:

  it('should denounce - workaround', (done) => {
    // given
    const data = 'Chuck Norris is faster than you think';
    const debounceTime = 5000;
    const callback = jest.fn((param) => {
      // then
      expect(param).toEqual(data);
      done();
    });
    const debouncedFunction = debounce(callback, debounceTime);

    // when
    debouncedFunction(data);

    // then
    expect(callback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();

    // when (see 'then' inside callback implementation)
    jest.runAllTimers(); // jest.advanceTimersByTime(debounceTime);
  });