I use a St.Entry widget in an Cinnamon applet and set the text color via CSS to black.
By chance the selection color of this widget it also black - at least in the theme I use:
This way, selected text is unreadable. :-(
How can I change the selection (background) color or the color of selected text?
Is there a CSS selector available?
Where can I find documentation?

While most of the CSS in GNOME Shell (and Cinnamon) is standard as described on MDN, there are some exceptions. I would typically check the MDN CSS Reference first, then fallback on checking the default stylesheet (for Cinnamon, in your case).
For this case, it looks like it's
selection-background-color, which is not standard I think: