I tried to install Node.js on the Windows 10 64 bit using installer.
When I run installe.exe I accept rules and push next button, in any case I get the following notification:

When I tried to set path of downloaded install file:
And get this error again.

@Babaev From what you said, I guess its a problem related to path issue or rather the .msi file may have been corrupted on download. Try the windows binary that is .exe file from https://nodejs.org/en/download/ let's say we have the node.exe file located in the folder c:\nodejs. Now to setup npm-
Hope this helps :)