IDEAL
MODEL small
stack 100h
DATASEG
freqs dw 165, 165, 196, 196, 220, 220, 196, 174, 165, 147, 147, 131, 131, 123, 123, 110, 110, 98, 98, 87, 87, 73, 73
times db 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 0
multi db 200
CODESEG
proc K_value
mov di, ax ; frequency in DI
mov dx, 12h ; decimal number 1190000 corresponds to
mov ax, 2870h ; hexadecimal number 122870h
div di ; DX:AX / DI = AX
ret
endp K_value
beats equ [bp+4]
proc pauses
push bp
mov bp, sp
in al, 61h
and al, 11111100b
out 61h, al
mov cx, bx ; save the duration address in CX
pop bx ; retrieve the duration value from the stack
mov al, [bx] ; retrieve the duration value
mov ah, 0
inc bx ; increment the duration address by 1
push bx ; push it back onto the stack
add cx, 2 ; increment the frequency address by 2
push cx
mul [multi] ; AX = AL * MULTI
call suspension
pop bp
ret 2
endp pauses
freq equ [bp+4]
proc NoteItself
push bp
mov bp, sp
in al, 61h
or al, 00000011b
out 61h, al
mov al, 0B6h
out 43h, al
mov ax, freq
out 42h, al ; Sending lower byte
mov al, ah
out 42h, al ; Sending upper byte
pop bp
ret 4
endp NoteItself
proc suspension
mov di, 1000 ; Delay multiplier
mul di ; DX:AX = CX * AX (in AX: duration of the note * multi)
mov cx, dx ; Load high byte into CX
mov dx, ax ; Load low byte into DX
mov ax, 8600h
int 15h ; Wait for microseconds
in al, 61h
and al, 11111100b
out 61h, al ; Turn off speaker
mov cx, 0 ; Pause between notes
mov dx, 10000
mov ax, 8600h
int 15h ; Wait for microseconds
ret
endp suspension
start:
mov ax, @data
mov ds, ax
myloop:
lea bx, [times] ; Load effective address of durations array
push bx ; Save it on the stack
lea bx, [freqs] ; Load effective address of frequencies array
push bx
pop bx
push [bx]
call NoteItself
pop bx
push [bx+1]
call pauses
pop bx
push [bx+2]
call NoteItself
pop bx
push [bx+3]
call pauses
pop bx
push [bx+4]
call NoteItself
pop bx
push [bx+5]
call pauses
pop bx
push [bx+6]
call NoteItself
pop bx
push [bx+7]
call NoteItself
pop bx
push [bx+8]
call pauses
pop bx
push [bx+9]
call NoteItself
pop bx
push [bx+10]
call pauses
pop bx
push [bx+11]
call NoteItself
pop bx
push [bx+12]
call pauses
pop bx
push [bx+13]
call NoteItself
pop bx
push [bx+14]
call pauses
pop bx
push [bx+15]
call NoteItself
pop bx
push [bx+16]
call pauses
pop bx
push [bx+17]
call NoteItself
pop bx
push [bx+18]
call pauses
pop bx
push [bx+19]
call NoteItself
pop bx
push [bx+20]
call pauses
pop bx
push [bx+21]
call NoteItself
pop bx
push [bx+22]
call pauses
pop bx
push [bx+23]
call NoteItself
jmp myloop
stop:
in al, 61h
and al, 11111100b
out 61h, al ; Disable speaker
ret
exit:
in al,61h
and al,11111100b
out 61h,al ;disable speaker
mov ah, 8
int 21h
mov ah,4ch ;exit to DOS
int 21h
END start
I'm encountering a problem with my assembly code, where it displays random characters on the console and plays only a split second of sound before stopping. I'm using a code snippet that's supposed to play a sequence of notes with pauses in between. However, when I run the code, it produces unexpected output on the console and the sound playback is abruptly interrupted.
Here's a summary of the issues:
Random Characters: The program outputs random characters on the console instead of the expected behavior. Sound Playback Interruption: The sound playback stops abruptly after playing only a split second of sound. I've verified the correctness of the code, and it seems to be structured properly for playing the notes with pauses. However, I suspect there might be issues related to system configuration, hardware compatibility, or a bug in the code itself.
I've already tried the following troubleshooting steps:
Checked sound hardware to ensure it's functional. Confirmed the program is running in a pure DOS environment. Verified the compatibility of hardware and the DOS environment. Checked sound volume to ensure it's not muted. Added debugging statements to track the flow of the program. Despite these efforts, the issue persists. I'm seeking advice on how to further diagnose and resolve the problem to achieve the intended behavior of the code. Any insights or suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thank you.