Persistent (push-based) communication with HTTP

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Consider the following diagram (source). The diagram describes an HTTP Push model with multiple events pushed to the client over a persistent connection.

  1. How does one establish a persistent connection in HTTP?
  2. How could the server push events to the client over this connection? To my knowledge, only the client (e.g. browser) can initiate HTTP requests.

I can see this working with a WebSocket (full-duplex long-lived connections) but to my knowledge, they don't go over HTTP.

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