Microsoft released the Shared Source Common Language Infrastructure (the code previously known as ROTOR) some years ago basically as a reference implementation of the .NET runtime. While the actual .NET runtime (mscorlib, mscoree, mscorjit, etc.) aren't compiled from the SSCLI, debugging them shows that they are remarkably similar and at a minimum share much of the same memory structures.
This has been an invaluable resource when debugging tricky system behavior with .NET 2.0 compiled assemblies. Now that 4.0 has been released with major changes to the runtime I'd love to find the reference source for that as well. Microsoft has changed names for the source in the past so I'm either searching for the wrong thing, or it hasn't been released. Is there reference source for a .NET 4.0 compatible runtime?
There is a SSCLI 2.0 patch here for Visual Studio 2010 and I can confirm it builds on Windows 8 with the 7.1A SDK.
and here is further information.
also Codeplex now hosts the .NET Micro Framework.