From what I understand, spacial locality has to do with nearby memory being used in the nearby future. However I was wondering if a loop is executed many times, does this lead to good spacial locality? Thanks in advance, and sorry if I'm hard to understand.
Spacial Locality in loops
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The number of iterations of a loop doesn't necessarily affect spatial locality. What the loop is doing does.
In practice, the key to spatial locality really has to do with cache lines. In simple terms, a program that limits its accesses to a small number of different cache lines will exhibit more cache hits, and thus better performance. A program that accesses a large number of different cache lines will encounter more cache misses, and thus lower peformance.
Very good spatial locality:
This loop has very good spatial locality. The array is tiny, and the loop only ever accesses indices 0 or 1.
Still good spatial locality:
Here we have an array that is aligned to exactly one cache line. Since the loop only accesses elements in that array, we can say it has good spatial locality - accesses will only ever touch that one cache line.
Poor spatial locality:
This loop has remarkably poor spatial locality. It is accessing random locations all over memory. Every loop iteration you can probably expect it to bounce to a different cache line. This will cause all kinds of cache misses, and the cache essentially becomes useless.