I have tried to change my route and so far I didn't find any issues. But if you find any flaws please let me know, also I try to find any type error and double-check my components, so far I didn't find one, but then again let me know. I try to type my Route URL and it works, but it displays the same page. It won't redirect me to the page that I want. I even delete and install the node module, but unfortunately the problem is still the same. Honestly, I just want to try if I could still use child route in Angular 6. But anyway Ill provide you route module, my html component and my other components.
First off my route module:
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { Routes, RouterModule } from '@angular/router';
import { ContactComponent } from './contact/contact.component';
import { ComponentDetailComponent } from './contact/component-detail/component-detail.component';
import { ContactDescriptionComponent } from './contact/component-detail/contact-description/contact-description.component';
const routes: Routes = [
  {
    path: 'contact',
    component: ContactComponent,
    children: [
        {
            path: ':id',
            component: ComponentDetailComponent,
            children: [
                {
                    path: 'details/:name',
                    component: ContactDescriptionComponent
                }
            ]
        }
      ]
   },
];
@NgModule({
   imports: [ RouterModule.forRoot(routes) ],
   exports: [ RouterModule ]
})
export class AppRoutingModule { }
My app.module.ts:
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { AppRoutingModule } from './app-routing.module';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import { ContactComponent } from './contact/contact.component';
import { ComponentDetailComponent } from './contact/component-detail/component-detail.component';
import { ContactDescriptionComponent } from './contact/component-detail/contact-description/contact-description.component';
@NgModule({
   declarations: [
     AppComponent,
     ContactComponent,
     ComponentDetailComponent,
     ContactDescriptionComponent
],
imports: [
     BrowserModule,
     AppRoutingModule
],
 providers: [],
 bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }
My app.component.html:
<app-contact></app-contact>
<router-outlet></router-outlet>
My contact.component.html:
<h1>Contact works!</h1>
<a [routerLink]="['id']">Contact Details</a>
My component-detail.component.html:
<h3>Component-detail Works!</h3>
<a [routerLink]="['details','name']" >Description</a>
And lastly my contact-description.component.html:
<h3>Contact-description Works!</h3>
If you have anything would you like me to add up, just let me know.
                        
You are missing
<router-outlet></router-outlet>incomponent-detailcomponentSee this working DEMO